Hi Mike, Yes, the UK has had chip & pin for a while now but the US hasn’t gotten it yet. We’re paying the price now with credit and debit card hacking. Target, Home Depot and others have had their credit card payment system hacked. The thief often has to come back to the compromised machine to pick up the file containing all the stolen data, but with that information in hand he can create cloned cards or just break into bank.
![Machine Machine](https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2016/06/os1012-applepay_pr-print-100666058-orig.jpg)
On the consumer market, the days of the analog tape camcorder are long gone. Today, videotape-based camcorder formats such as VHS, Betamax, and Video8 have been superseded by digital formats. The most common digital camcorder format is the AVCHD format. AVCHD, which stands for Advanced Video Coding High Definition, allows digital camcorders to use conventional computer storage devices, like hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Instead of a miniature cassette tape, video is stored on the camcorder using a flash memory card - Secure Digital (SD) or Compact Flash (CF)-or an internal hard drive.
The digital video is then transferred to your normal PC, where it can be edited, burned to a DVD, uploaded to the web, or streamed to a smart TV set or set-top box. While there are many advantages to digital video formats, there are a number of drawbacks as well. The mode of capturing and archiving videos has shifted from storing videos on physical media to importing and storing data just like you would other digital data on your computer. This leaves your digital videos vulnerable to all the typical data loss risks: hard drive failure, virus attacks, accidental deletion, unsafe removal of memory cards, improper data migration, etc. But on the other hand, if you do experience data loss, video recovery from hard drives and flash cards is much easier than from damaged VHS tapes or DVDs. Because video files are just like the rest of the data on your computer, you can use the same powerful data recovery techniques that are effective for recovering. In this article, we'll illustrate a few different video recovery scenarios using four typical cases.
In each scenario, we'll recover lost video clips and in some cases, restore the data so it can be used on the camcorder again. Note that this article will primarily focus on recovering video clips. For recovering photos, see our article.
Before We Begin: Data Recovery Basics and AVCHD File Structure Although not required for completing the steps in this walkthrough, some basic background knowledge about data recovery will help contextualize some of the concepts covered here. Before reading on, you may want to read through our article. For a successful video recovery it's also useful to understand how AVCHD data is stored on your camcorder's memory card and how R-Studio scans disks. Before we begin, we'll cover both of these topics in this article. File Structure of an AVCHD Flash Card Whether you use a CF card, an SD card, or an internal drive, AVCHD videos use a standard file structure when stored on your camcorder.
For this example, we'll use an SD card from a Sony HDR-CX250E camcorder. Like most memory cards used in consumer camcorders, the Sony HDR-CX250E video camera uses the FAT32 file system. The advantage of FAT32-formatted memory cards is that they can be read by Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux-based computers. The drawback of the FAT32 file system is that files stored on the card must be less than 2 GB each. As such, recorded videos will be divided into many files called video clips. This is in contrast to video tapes, which consist of one continuous video recording on a single tape.
With digital videos, there are also a number of other files that contain important information about video clips, such as clip descriptions, playlists, service information, and other metadata. Because of the number and complexity of the files on a digital camcorder memory card, it can often be difficult to tell which files on the card are essential to the video content and which are additional meta information.